Pathology 2

1. Course Directors:
   1. Dr. M. I. Bhaiyat, BVM, PhD; Professor (Veterinary Pathology)
      1. e-mail: mibhaiyat@sgu.edu
      2. Tel.: 444-4175, EXT. 3338
      3. Office Location: My office is located in the building behind Ray & Jan Sis Hall and Superdorm 5 (St. John's Hall). The building is labelled as "Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Laboratories"; in the corridor that leads to the Department of Pathobiology, you will see the Microbiology Lab on the left and the Virology Lab on the right; continue straight along this corridor which leads into our office spaces. My office is the last one in this office space.
   2. Dr. C. Dores, DVM, MSc, PhD, Diplomate ACVP; Associate Professor (Veterinary Pathology)
      1. email: cdores@sgu.edu
      2. Tel: 444- 4175 EXT. 3618
      3. Office Location: SVM Trailer Offices
   3. Office Hours:
      1. On Zoom by availability or on regular schedule
2. Staff members:
   1. Ms. Cindy Edwards; Executive Secretary
      1. e-mail: <cedwards@sgu.edu>
      2. Tel.: 444-4175, EXT. 3339
   2. Mr. Ray Samuel; Laboratory Technician (Necropsy)
      1. e-mail: <rsamuel@sgu.edu>
      2. Tel.: 444-4175, EXT. 357
   3. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Ms. Ava McIntyre; Laboratory Technician (Necropsy)
      1. e-mail: <amcinty4@sgu.edu>
      2. Tel.: 444-4175, EXT. 3570
   4. Ms. Veronica Mapp-Alexander; Laboratory Technician (Histopathology)
      1. e-mail: <vmappal1@sgu.edu>
      2. Tel.: 444-4175, EXT. 3415

1. This course will be taught using a hybrid format with in-person and asynchronous online lectures, and in person and online laboratory activities
2. Online lectures and laboratories
   1. Location: Sakai resources being used (i.e., Panopto, Lessons)
   2. Online synchronous laboratory Zoom sessions (Appendix 2)
3. In person lectures and laboratories
   1. Lectures: Ray & Jan Sis Hall East (RJSH-2), Lower True Blue Campus
   2. Laboratories: Charter Hall Lab

1. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 6^th Edition (2017). By James F. Zachary. St.Louis, Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-323-35775-3
2. Computer with functional microphone, camera, and speakers
3. Internet connection with bandwidth supportive of streaming videos and online video calls.

1. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, Vol. 1-3, 6^th edition (2016), Edited by M. Grant Maxie. St. Louis, Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7020-5317-7, 978-0-7020-5318-4, 978-0-7020-5319-1
2. Veterinary Pathology. By T.C. Jones, R.D. Hunt and N.W. King, 6^th Edition (1997). New York, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN: 0683-04481-8

1. Students who need accommodations should contact Student Accessibility and Accommodations Services (SAAS), located in the Welcome Center inside the International Students Office.
2. Information can be found at mycampus.sgu.edu/group/saas

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1. Pathology II is a four-credit course taught in the 4th term of the DVM program. This course consists of 56 lectures of one-hour duration and four (4) interactive laboratory sessions of two-hour duration. Pathology II is the continuation of the prerequisite course Pathology I. In Pathology II, students will have the opportunity and are expected to integrate the knowledge acquired in Pathology I, in addition to anatomy, physiology, embryology, histology, microbiology, virology and parasitology.
2. Lectures and laboratories will provide students the tools to strengthen and learn concepts of veterinary diseases in the following body systems: Lymphoid, Special senses (Eye/Ear), Nervous, Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Respiratory, and Reproductive.
3. Students will also learn basic concepts about tissue sampling, histopathology, and ancillary diagnostic methods that can be used to help achieve an etiologic and morphologic diagnosis of diseases. Topics taught in this course will provide a strong foundation  for  students  to  develop  their  clinical  and  diagnostic  skills.

1. Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to develop pathology skills in the following systems: Lymphoid, Special senses (Eye/Ear), Nervous, Skeletal, Muscular, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Respiratory, and Reproductive.
2. The Course Learning Outcomes for each module and each system are:
   1. Describe the reactions of each organ to injury.
   2. Define terms used in disease of each organ.
   3. Outline the pathogenesis of major disease groups of each organ including congenital, degenerative, necrotic, inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic processes, and place specific diseases in context of prevalence, morbidity, mortality and “one health”.
   4. Interpret gross postmortem and histopathology lesions associated with diseases of body systems and provide a differential list of possible etiologies followed by a plan with to use ancillary testing to provide a define diagnosis.
   5. Effectively communicate and explain disease’s pathophysiology and associated lesions to professional colleagues, clients, lay public and responsible authorities.

1. Pathology of the lymphoid system
   1. Recall the formation of lymphoid cells and the role of their regulatory factors.
   2. Recall the function and architecture of the lymphoid system.
   3. List the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
   4. Recall the function and the architecture of the thymus.
   5. Describe the lesions of the thymus and the diseases causing them (combined immunodeficiency, lymphoid atrophy, thymic hemorrhage/hematoma, thymic neoplasia, thymic cysts, thymitis).
   6. Recall the function and the architecture of the spleen. 
   7. Describe the lesions of the spleen and the diseases causing them (physical injury, degeneration, pigmentation, disturbances of circulation, inflammation, disturbances of growth, neoplasia, splenomegaly, small spleens).
   8. Recall the function and architecture of the lymph node.
   9. Describe the lesions that affect the lymph node and the diseases causing them (small lymph nodes [lymphoid atrophy], lymphadenopathy [hyperplasia, inflammation, neoplasia]).
   10. Recall the function and architecture of the lymph nodules, tonsils and bone marrow.
   11. Describe the lesions that affect the lymph nodules, tonsils and bone marrow and the diseases causing them (disturbances of growth, necrosis, inflammation, neoplasia).
   12. Recall the different cells of the hemopoietic system
   13. Describe the major neoplasms that affect the hematopoietic cells (hematopoietic neoplasia: lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative).
2. Pathology of the eye and ear (special senses)
   1. Review the structure (anatomy, microanatomy) and function (physiology) of the eye globe
   2. List and describe disorders of ocular development
   3. Explain the pathophysiology of glaucoma and list associated histological and gross lesions
   4. Define cataracts and list possible etiologies
   5. Describe major histological changes associated with cataracts
   6. Explain the pathophysiology of diabetic cataracts
   7. List, compare and contrast developmental disorders of the eyelid and conjunctiva and associate them with the development of associated diseases
   8. List inflammatory diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva, and categorize them in infectious and non-infectious.
   9. List, compare and contrast neoplasms from the eyelid, and conjunctiva
   10. Describe how the cornea responds to injury and which factors dictate the repair’s outcome
   11. List, compare and contrast inflammatory corneal diseases
   12. List infectious etiologies of keratitis and associate their prevalence amongst different species
   13. List, compare and contrast neoplasms of the cornea
   14. List and describe how the uvea reacts to injury and associate these reactions with disturbances in ocular homeostasis and function
   15. List, compare and contrast the two types of lens induced uveitis
   16. List, compare and contrast the most common cases of uveitis
   17. List, compare and contrast neoplasms of the uvea
   18. Describe how the retina reacts to injury and associate these responses with ocular function and regeneration
   19. List common etiologies of retinitis and retinal degeneration
   20. Explain retinal dysplasia and list all possible etiologies
   21. List, compare and contrast toxic causes of retinal degeneration
   22. List neoplasms of the retina
   23. List, compare and contrasts acquired diseases of the lens
   24. Explain the pathophysiology of Feline post traumatic ocular sarcoma
   25. List, compare and contrast developmental disorders of the ear and associate them with development of diseases
   26. Define otitis externa, list predisposing, primary and secondary factors of otitis and explain their relationship in the context of pathophysiology
   27. List and explain structural changes associated with chronic inflammation of the external and middle ear
   28. List, compare and contrast the most frequent neoplasms of the ear
   29. List, compare and contrast vascular lesions of the ear.
   30. Explain the pathophysiology of otitis media and its related clinical presentations and possible sequelae
   31. Define nonpharyngeal polyps and explain its relationship with the ear and predisposing conditions
   32. Define and explain the pathophysiology of Vestibular Disease.
   33. List, compare and contrast etiologies of hearing loss and deafness, and explain different forms or categorizing the disease.
3. Pathology of the nervous system
   1. Recite the terminology of the nervous system and its disorders.
   2. Illustrate the ways in which the cellular components of the nervous system respond to injury.
   3. Describe the unique histopathologic reactions in nervous tissue.
   4. Describe the spectrum of congenital/inherited abnormalities which can occur in the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord).
   5. Describe the spectrum of degenerative diseases of the CNS.
   6. Describe the process of degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerves.
   7. Describe necrosis/malacia in the CNS giving examples of the major causes and the consequences thereof.
   8. Enumerate the types of metabolic disorders which can affect the nervous system of domestic animals (viz: vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency, toxins [plant, chemicals, fungal, bacterial]).
   9. Describe the major circulatory disturbances which can occur in the CNS.
   10. Recognize color change and mass lesions in gross specimens of the central nervous system.
   11. Describe how infectious agents gain access to the nervous system. 
   12. Give examples of specific infectious/inflammatory diseases affecting the nervous system of domestic animals (viz: bacterial diseases, viral diseases).
   13. Give examples of specific infectious/inflammatory diseases affecting the nervous system of domestic animals (viz: parasitic, mycotic).
   14. Give examples of non-infectious & immune-mediated diseases affecting the nervous system of domestic animals (viz: SRMA, EME, GME, NME/PDE, NE, Little white shaker syndrome).
   15. Describe the consequences of trauma and pressure changes within the central nervous system (CNS).
   16. Describe the type of disorders which can affect the spinal cord and appreciate their consequences.
   17. Recognize color change and mass lesions in gross specimens of the central nervous system.
   18. Describe the main types of tumors of the CNS which occur in domestic animals.
4. Pathology of the musculoskeletal system
   1. List cells of the skeletal system and associate them with bone homeostasis and development of disease.
   2. Describe how bone reacts to injury.
   3. List types of bone fractures
   4. Outline cell types involved with bone healing process, and describe phases of bone healing
   5. List factors which delay healing of a fracture.
   6. List the common examples of congenital skeletal abnormalities
   7. Describe the pathogenesis and consequences of inflammation of the bone.
   8. List, compare and contrast causes of osteomyelitis in small animals, horses and cattle.
   9. List and describe the pathogenesis of metabolic bone disease (deficiency of, and excess, mineralized bone).
   10. Describe acute and chronic the reaction of the joint to injury.
   11. Describe the pathogenesis and consequences of degenerative joint disease.
   12. Give examples of degenerative joint diseases
   13. Describe the pathogenesis and consequences of degeneration of intervertebral discs.
   14. List, compare and contrast common forms of infectious and non-infectious arthritis in domestic animals
   15. List compare and contrast tumors of the skeletal system of domestic animals and associate them with disease progressions
   16. List the acute and chronic responses of muscle to injury.
   17. List the causes, and describe the consequences of muscle atrophy.
   18. List the causes, and describe the consequences of muscle hypertrophy.
   19. List the common causes of myositis and where appropriate identify the species in which they occur most frequently.
   20. Classify the types of muscle disease and discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, lesions, and sequelae of the types of myopathies (degenerative, inflammatory, congenital/inherited, endocrine, electrolyte, neuropathic, neuromuscular junction, neoplasia [DICE2N3]).
   21. Outline the lesions associated with severe muscular traumatic injury.
   22. List the common tumors of muscles.
   23. Laboratory (Scheduled Zoom session).
5. Pathology of the cardiovascular system
   1. Discuss the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction.
   2. Explain the pathogenesis of congestive cardiac failure (CHF).
   3. Enumerate the changes characteristic of common types of congenital cardiac diseases and their significance.
   4. List the different types of pericardial disease and how they develop.
   5. List the various acquired diseases of the myocardium (degeneration, necrosis, mineralization).
   6. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of endocardial diseases particularly those affecting the cardiac valves (valvular endocardiosis).
   7. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the heart (pericarditis, endocarditis, myocarditis).
   8. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of disturbances of growth particularly those affecting the myocardium (hypertrophy, atrophy/dilatation).
   9. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in the dog and cat.
   10. List the most common neoplasms of the heart.
   11. Enumerate the disease processes that affect arteries and veins (rupture/aneurysms, hemorrhage, pericardial effusions, thromboembolism, degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, disturbances of growth, neoplasia).
   12. Recognize cardiac diseases post-mortem and collect appropriate tissues for histopathologic evaluation.
6. Pathology of the endocrine system
   6. Describe the basic anatomical structure and hormone produced by the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid gland and endocrine pancreas.
   7. Describe pathophysiological changes that alter the structure and/or function of the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid gland and pancreatic islets and how these changes can cause physiological alterations and disease.
   8. List primary and secondary structural and function changes that occur with disease of endocrine organs.
   9. List common endocrine neoplasms and their functional outcomes.
   10. Interpret a postmortem, or biopsy report from a submitted tissue from theendocrine system.
   11. Discuss and explain the usefulness of clinical pathology tests and internal medicine in the diagnosis of endocrine diseases in large and small animals.
7. Pathology of the respiratory system
   7. Recall the function and architecture of the respiratory system.
   8. Recall the defense mechanisms of the respiratory system and the consequences of impairment of the defense mechanism.
   9. Identify the significance of the factors involved in respiratory disease due to air-borne and blood-borne agents.
   10. List the specific diseases of nasal cavity in bovines, equines, cats, and pigs describing the etiology, gross and microscopic lesions, and diagnostic methods.
   11. List the neoplasms of the nasal cavity.
   12. List the specific diseases of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi in bovine, equine, dog, and cats describing the etiology, gross and microscopic lesions, and diagnostic methods.
   13. Recall the basic structure and function of the lung.
   14. Associate pulmonary disease with other organ systems.
   15. List the defense mechanisms of the lung.
   16. Understand the pathophysiology of respiratory failure.
   17. List the different types of pulmonary vascular disease and their pathological significance.
   18. List of the different types of disturbances of aeration and their pathological significance (atelectasis, emphysema).
   19. Outline the defense mechanisms of the lung.
   20. Define pneumonia and outline the etiology, predisposition factors, pathogenesis, lesions, and sequelae of pneumonia.
   21. Classify pneumonia and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, lesions, and sequelae of the basic morphological types of pneumonia.
   22. Describe the specific types of pneumonia in ruminants (cattle, sheep, goat), horse, pig, dog, and cat including the etiology, clinical signs/lesions, sequelae, and diagnostic methods.
   23. List the miscellaneous diseases of the lung in domestic animals describing the etiology, gross and microscopic lesions.
   24. List the main types of primary pulmonary tumors and the involvement of the lungs in disseminated neoplastic disease in domestic animals.
   25. Describe the noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions and tumors affecting the pleura and mediastinum including the etiology, pathogenesis, lesions, and sequelae.
   26. Describe the inflammatory diseases affecting the airsacs (air sacculitis).
   27. Be able to recognize, at necropsy, the common pulmonary lesions of ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats), horse, pig, dog, and cat.
8. Pathology of the reproductive system
   1. List and compare the Disorders of Sexual Development
   2. List, compare and contrast infectious agents that can affect the ovaries
   3. List and compare ovarian neoplasms regarding cellular origin, hormone production, and neoplasm behavior
   4. List, compare and contrast infectious agents that can affect uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and vulva
   5. Compare and contrast the effect of reduced estrogen and progesterone stimulation in the female reproductive tract and associate them with the development of disease
   6. List etiologies that cause a reduction in the hormonal stimulation in female reproductive organs
   7. Compare and contrast the effect increased estrogen and progesterone stimulation in the female reproductive tract
   8. List and compare uterine neoplasms regarding cellular origin, and neoplasm behavior
   9. List, compare and contrast infectious agents that can affect the vagina and vulva
   10. List, compare and contrast neoplasms that can develop in the vagina and vulva and associate them with behavior
   11. List the main infectious agents associated with mastitis in animals.
   12. Compare and contrast all presentations of mastitis and associate them with etiologic organisms
   13. Describe the main types of mammary tumors and list the most common types of tumors in the queen and bitch.
   14. List and compare histological features from benign versus malignant mammary tumors in domestic animals.
   15. List and compare the major non-infectious causes of early embryonic death and abortion
   16. List and compare the major causes of infectious abortions
   17. List all zoonotic agents that can cause abortions in domestic species
   18. List the major developmental anomalies of the male reproductive system.
   19. Describe the degenerative, inflammatory and neoplasms of the testes
   20. List zoonotic agents that can infect the male reproductive tract
   21. Compare and contrast testicular neoplasms regarding cellular origin, hormone production and associated lesions
   22. List the main inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic lesions of the epididymis and the accessory sex glands.
   23.   List the inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic abnormalities occurring in the prostate gland.
   24. List the main inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic lesions of the scrotum, penis and prepuce.

Laboratory schedule for Veterinary Pathology II, Spring 2022

1. This course consists of four non-cumulative exams and four formative system assignments. Exams will use SVM's qualitative grading on the scale of A to F (see below).
2. Laboratory assignments are requisites to pass the course. Submission of laboratory assignments is considered mandatory participation and is a requisite to pass the course. Assignments must be submitted for the course to be considered completed, and each assignment is worth 5 points. Students who fail to submit an assignment without a valid reason will receive a score of zero “0” points for the assignment, but students will still have until the end of the course to submit the assignment and secure the course completion. An incomplete grade “I” will be given when course requirements have not been completed due to serious mitigating circumstances such as illness or family emergencies. The required coursework must be completed prior to registration for the next term. If the work is not completed and the grade not received from the instructor within 30 days, the Incomplete (“I”) will be automatically changed to a Fail (“F”) by the Office of the Registrar.
3. Exams will be performed using Examsoft and will be in a multiple-choice format. Lecture content will represent 100% of exam's questions. Exams will not be cumulative; each exam will represent 22% of the course's grade, and each exam will cover systemic pathology of 2 or 3 Body Systems.
4. When using ExamSoft and Exam Monitor for assessment, a grade reduction of 5% will be applied to that exam if students do not observe the parameters listed in the Assessment Policy for Students.
5. Exams will have the following point distributions:
   1. Assignments: 20 points (5 points per assignment)
   2. Quiz 1: 40 points – Tuesday 8^th February, 2022 @ 11:30 AM
   3. Mid-Term exam: 40 points – Monday 7^th March, 2022 @ 12:00 PM
   4. Quiz 2: 40 points – Monday 11^th April, 2022 @ 11:30 AM
   5. Final exam: 40 points – Tuesday 3^rd May, 2022 @ 12:00 PM
   6. Total points: 180 points
   7. Grading scale: Final Grading will be based on cumulative performance of all examinations given for the course. Grading will be done as follows:

*Requires remediation

• Completion Examination: Students who receive an approved grade of Incomplete (“I”) for missing a  quiz  or  an  examination  (Mid-Term or Final) in a course (See “I” Grade) must take a completion examination within seven (7) calendar days of the deferment. Incomplete grades are given when course requirements have not been completed due to serious mitigating circumstances such as illness or family emergencies. The Office of the Dean of Students must approve the reason supporting the receipt of “I” grades. “I” grades remain on the transcript until another grade is given upon completion. If students have an “I” grade on their transcript, the required coursework must be completed prior to registration for the next term. If the work is not completed and the grade not received from the instructor within 30 days, the Incomplete (“I”) will be automatically changed to a Fail (“F”) by the Office of the Registrar. Incompletes are interim grades. Students do not repeat the course if they have received an “I” grade. Students will not be able to defer an examination for misreading the examination schedule, accommodating travel plans, or any other reason not considered a serious mitigating circumstance. The format and content of the Completion examinations will be defined by the Course Director and will be comparable in format, length, and appropriate course content as the examination that was deferred.
• Re-sit  Examination:  Under certain  circumstances students will  be  required to remedy “D+”, “D”, and “F” grades by taking a mandatory comprehensive re-sit examination during the week prior to the beginning of classes in the following term as scheduled by the school.
  1. Upon obtaining a grade of “C” or better on the re-sit exam, the maximum course grade earned is a “C”.
  2. At mid-term, students who are at risk of getting an unsatisfactory grade (“D+”, “D”, “F”) in the course will be advised by the CAPPS to prepare for remediation.
  3. It is the responsibility of the student to make appropriate and timely travel arrangements to return to Grenada to take the re-sit examination during the week prior to the beginning of classes in the following term as scheduled by the school.
  4. Students will be expected to appear for the re-sit examination. Failure to appear without an accepted excuse constitutes an automatic mandatory repeat of the course and sanctions related to unprofessional behavior.

1. Assignments and exams due dates are fixed, but if accommodations are needed and approved by the Dean of Students (Dr. M. I. Bhaiyat), students will receive an extension to complete assignments and take exams.
2. The course material will be posted on Sakai.
3. The exam material will come from lectures, labs, and classroom discussions.
4. Students are expected to read lecture notes and power points and come prepared to answer questions.
5. The goal of the exam is for you to demonstrate that you have successfully learned the material required for the course. So as you are studying each disease/condition, ask yourself the following questions:
   1. What is the etiology?
   2. What is the pathogenesis?
   3. Is there a specific pathophysiology associated with the disease/condition?
   4. What species are affected?
   5. What age range of animal is affected?
   6. What are the gross lesions? (Not to worry too much about microscopic lesions unless there is a pathognomonic one).
   7. How can you distinguish this disease/condition from other related ones?
6. What are the sequelae?
   1. For any given question in the examination, consider the most important process causing the lesion/disease/condition in the question being asked, i.e., is it a congenital/developmental anomaly, is it degeneration or necrosis, is it a pathological pigmentation, is it a disturbance of circulation, is it a disturbance of growth, is it neoplasia, is it inflammation (acute, chronic), or is it an immune- mediated process. This would help in narrowing down the choices (hopefully leading to the correct choice).

1. The student is expected to attend all lectures/labs and actively engage in Sakai forums and Zooms sessions (where applicable).
2. All assignments, tests/quizzes must be submitted in a timely manner.
3. Students are expected to adhere strictly to the honor code. If students share feedback or answers on Sakai Assignments, Exams or Quizzes, this will be considered student misconduct and a violation of the honor code.

​​​​​​Course and Instructor Critiques:

1. Students are expected to attend all classes and other related academic activities as defined for each course by the Course Director. One such academic activity is participation in the St. George's University (SGU) Course and Instructor Critique program.
2. Student participation in the evaluation process is mandatory: When requested, students in a course are expected to complete all required faculty and course evaluations. Failure to complete all required course and instructor critiques will mean that students did not fulfill all course requirements. The critiques coordinator notifies students when evaluation periods have begun and sends periodic reminders to ensure that critiques are submitted within the allotted time frame.
3. The Importance of Evaluation: Evaluation is a necessary component of any course. Just as students anticipate a fair and accurate evaluation of their performance and achievement in a course, SGU requires that faculty and course evaluations be completed each term. Continual evaluation and assessment of faculty ensures that the instructional program not only remains consistent, but also improves as students’ needs and expectations are considered.
4. Feedback: At the beginning of each term, Course Directors will address the class and summarize the results of the Course and Instructor Critiques from the previous semester. In this summary, Course Directors will report areas that students rated highly and the areas that received the lowest ratings. For areas receiving low ratings, the Course Director details what changes were made to address students’ concerns, thus ensuring that course evaluation influences course design and delivery.
5. Your Participation in the Evaluation Process is MANDATORY: When you are expected to complete a course and/or instructor critique, the Office of Educational Assessment (OEA) will notify you via your SGU e-mail account and post a notice outside the lecture hall. This notification will include instructions on how to access and complete the necessary critique(s). Once you access a required course or instructor critique, you can either complete it or indicate that you do not want to complete the critique by checking the appropriate box on the form. Students who have not submitted evaluations within the allocated period will be placed on a “registration hold” by the Registrar’s Office. A registration hold bars students from registering for future classes until all outstanding evaluations are completed. At registration time, students on “registration hold” will be directed to the OEA for instructions on how to complete remaining evaluations. Once these are submitted, the registration hold will be lifted.
6. Please be assured that the information you provide will remain strictly confidential because your identification and your responses will always be separated. If you have any questions about the Course and Instructor Critique System, please contact Ms. Raynelle Benjamin at the OEA – EXT. 3879 or rbenjam2@sgu.edu

1. Please exhibit professional behavior in class (online or otherwise).
2. Some of the important values and characteristics that are expect include: respect, honesty, trust, reliability, commitment, equality, justice and discretion.
3. Students are expected to log in on time for scheduled meetings, and exams.
4. Submission of tests/quizzes and assignments must be done in a timely manner.
5. The use of mobile phones or any educational material is not allowed during exams
6. Students who breach any of the above rules can be subjected to disciplinary action.
7. Students attending St. George’s University are expected to conduct themselves with integrity, dignity, and courtesy, according to a code of conduct that defines the interests, reputation, and stature of the University community. The Code of Conduct includes student comportment and the honor code, as well as those actions that warrant disciplinary action. The University reserves the right to take any action that is sees fit to protect the rights of the student body, as well as the reputation of the University. Abuses of this Code, outline in the student manual, will result in disciplinary action, which may include suspension or dismissal. It is the responsibility of all students to know the University Code of Conduct. It is required that all students abide by the terms of the University Code of Conduct

refer student to the student manual page if applicable)

1. Students are expected to be available during the standard 8:00 AM-5:00 PM AST school day, to virtually attend, engage with online content, and participate in all classes and clinical rotations for which they have registered. Employment is not an excusable absence. Although attendance, engagement, and participation may not be recorded at every academic activity, attendance, engagement, and participation is graded for mandatory sessions. Students’ lack of attendance, engagement, and participation may adversely affect their academic status as specified in the grading policy.
2. System’s assigments are requisites to pass the course. Submission of assignments is considered mandatory participation and is a requisite to pass the course. Assignments must be submitted for the course to be considered completed. Students who fail to submit an assignment without a valid reason will receive a score of zero “0” points for the assignment, but students will still have until the end of the course to submit the assignment and secure the course completion. An incomplete grade “I” will be given when course requirements have not been completed due to serious mitigating circumstances such as illness or family emergencies. The required coursework must be completed prior to registration for the next term. If the work is not completed and the grade not received from the instructor within 30 days, the Incomplete (“I”) will be automatically changed to a Fail (“F”) by the Office of the Registrar.
3. If failure to attend, engage, or participate in individual classes, examinations, and online activities, or from the University itself is anticipated, or occurs spontaneously due to illness or other extenuating circumstances, proper notification procedures must be followed.
4. Students who have technical issues during the examination MUST inform the Course Director(s) (Dr. M. I. Bhaiyat: mibhaiyat@sgu.edu and/or Dr. C. Dores: cdores@sgu.edu) and IT (tellexaminationservices@sgu.edu OR support@sgu.edu OR call 1-631-665-8500 ext. 4444 (US, NU, International) OR 1-473-439-2000 ext. 4444 (Grenada), AND Dean of Students (DOS@sgu.edu) during the open period for the examination. Failure to do so immediately will result in the student receiving the highest score recorded at the time, but NOT being eligible to take a completion examination.
   2. Scheduling of examinations (regular, re-sit, completion, comprehensive, or exemption) is at the discretion of the University.
5. Absence Reporting Procedures
   1. Medical Excuse
      1. Medical excuses will be based on self-reporting by students. Students who feel they are too sick to take an examination or attend a required educational activity must fill out the form on the University Portal. This self-report form should be submitted before the end of the scheduled examination time. This form will be sent automatically to the Course Director(s), University Health Services, Dean of Students Office, and Dean  of  the School of  Veterinary  Medicine.  The Medical Excuse Form states that the student does not feel well enough that day to take an examination or participate in another required educational activity. The Medical Excuse covers all examinations and other mandatory academic activity within a 7-day period starting from the date of submission of the Medical Excuse. If a student becomes able to take some or all of the examinations/mandatory academic activity during the timeframe covered by the Medical Excuse, he/she may take any remaining examinations/mandatory academic activity. If a student chooses to resume exam activity after submission of a medical excuse, the student should proceed with all scheduled examinations during the current testing period. Students are only allowed two such excuses in an academic year. The third excuse results in the case being reviewed by the Dean of Students (DOS), the SVM Dean’s Council, and the Director of the University Health Services (UHS), which may result in a Mandatory Medical Leave of Absence (MMLOA). Refer to the policies on Completion Examinations in this manual located further below in this section.
   2. If illness persists for more than seven (7) days, students are not advised to fill out a second Medical Excuse Form. Students are directed to visit or call University Health Services (UHS).
   3. See the Student Manual for further details.
6. Non-Medical Excuse
   1. If, due to a catastrophic event or emergency, students are unable to attend any mandatory activity, they must immediately notify the DOS Office. The DOS Office will make a determination based upon the information provided and verification, and will notify the course instructor as to the validity of the absence, requesting that the instructor provide remediation of the missed activity. The instructor will specify the means through which students can resolve excused absences and inform the DOS Office.
   2. Only one (1) non-medical excuse per year is allowed (with the exception of an SVM-related activity, e.g., SCAVMA, other recognized national/international representation).
   3. See the Student Manual for further details.
   4. Religious Observance
      1. Students who miss an examination due to religious observance will be allowed to sit a re-scheduled examination within the term if the course instructor is notified through the Office of the DOS prior to the original examination.

1. Students who fail to appear or to complete a scheduled assessment (quiz, examination, assignment) within the time period allocated for this assessment, without a valid excuse (submitted before the deadline), will receive a score of zero (“0”) points for the assessment. Excuses are vetted as valid or not by the Associate Dean of Students (see student manual: SGUSVM POLICY ON AN EXCUSED ABSENCE (EA) FOR STUDENTS).
2. Students who have technical issues during the examination MUST inform the Course Director (s) (Dr. Bhaiyat: mibhaiyat@sgu.edu, Dr. Dores:cdores@sgu.edu) and IT (tellexaminationservices@sgu.edu OR support@sgu.edu OR call 1-631-665-8500 ext. 4444 (US, NU, International) OR 1-473-439-2000 ext. 4444 (Grenada), AND Dean of Students (DOS@sgu.edu) during the open period for the examination. Failure to do so immediately will result in the student receiving the highest score recorded at the time, but NOT being eligible to take a completion examination.
3. Scheduling of examinations (regular, re-sit, completion, comprehensive, or exemption) is at the discretion of the University.
4. Completion exams will be scheduled within seven (7) calendar days of the original exam date. Re-sit examination will be scheduled in the week prior to the beginning of classes   in   the   following   term   as   scheduled   by   the   School.

All students are responsible for knowing and complying with the University’s Code of Conduct and the guidelines. Students must read and then sign the Honor Code statement at the start of examinations to indicate that they will comply with the University Code of Conduct.

Prior to Exam Day

1. Each student is required to have a laptop for the purpose of taking computer- based examinations (e-Exams) at SGU. Students must ensure that their laptops meet the current minimum system requirements prior to exam day:
2. Examinees must use their MY SGU Member Center username and password to access the Custom Home Page (www.examsoft.com/sgu) created by ExamSoft for the University.
3. Examinees are responsible for downloading and registering the latest version of Examplify on their laptop prior to exam day. Once Examplify has been successfully downloaded, examinees are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the software by downloading and taking practice exams.
4. Examinees are responsible for setting their laptop up for ExamMonitor prior to the exam (see links below).
5. Examinees will be notified via MyCourses, of all exam related information. Email notifications will also be sent from ExamSoft Support to examinees, notifying them of examinations available for downloading.
6. Examinees experiencing difficulties with their laptop are encouraged to visit the IT department for assistance prior to exam day. Examinees needing a laptop must visit the Office of Institutional Advancement (OIA) to request an exam loaner.
7. Examinees should visit the following information to familiarize themselves with the online proctored exam format and set up their baseline photo.
   1. A Examsoft/ExamID quick guide for students (Please note that the current Examplify version is 2.3.8)
   2. The Examsoft student perspective video 30 mins
   3. The Examsoft/ExamID FAQ
   4. Examsoft information page
   5. The general Reminders/Guidelines​​​​​​​​​​​

A grade reduction of 5% will be applied to the exam if the student does not observe the following parameters during exams monitored online:

1. Avoid talking out loud.
2. Avoid looking away from the monitor.
3. Avoid having distractions (animals, people) in or walking through the room or making noise during the exam.
4. Check that your webcam is recording your full face at all times with adequate lighting.
5. All other exam policies are followed according to the SGU Examination Policy (https://mycampus.sgu.edu/unifyed- mydrive/open/file/download/SGUPROD/60cb7112ec12c400185be4fa/latest) and the Student Handbook.

The materials (such as slides, handouts and audio/video recordings) provided to students who are taking courses at St. George’s University (SGU) are the intellectual property of the Faculty and/or Administration of SGU. Students are free to use these materials solely for the purpose of group or individual study. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited.