Program Learning Outcomes

Degree

Discipline

School

Department

Learning Outcomes (Program Level)

Profession & Science of Public Health:

1. Explain public health history, philosophy, and values; 

2. Identify the core functions of public health and the 10 Essential Services; 

3. Explain the role of quantitative and qualitative methods and sciences in describing and assessing a population’s health;

4. List major causes and trends of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. or other community relevant to the school or program, with attention to disparities among populations, e.g., socioeconomic, ethnic, gender, racial, etc.; 

5. Discuss the science of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in population health, including health promotion, screening, etc.;  

6. Explain the critical importance of evidence in advancing public health knowledge;

Factors Related to Human Health: 

7. Explain effects of environmental factors on a population’s health;
8. Explain biological and genetic factors that affect a population’s health;
9. Explain behavioral and psychological factors that affect a population’s health;
10. Explain the cultural, social, political, and economic determinants of health and how the determinants relate to population health and health inequities;
11. Explain how globalization affects global burdens of disease;
12. Explain an ecological perspective on the connections among human health, animal health, and ecosystem health (e.g., One Health).

Evidence-based Approaches to Public Health: 

1. Apply epidemiological methods to settings and situations in public health practice; 

2. Select quantitative and qualitative data collection methods appropriate for a given public health context; 

3. Analyze quantitative and qualitative data using biostatistics, informatics, computer-based programming, and software, as appropriate; 

4. Interpret results of data analysis for public health research, policy, or practice;

Public Health & Health Care Systems: 

5. Compare the organization, structure, and function of health care, public health, and regulatory systems across national and international settings;

 6. Discuss the means by which structural bias, social inequities, and racism undermine health and create challenges to achieving health equity at organizational, community, and systemic levels;

Planning & Management to Promote Health: 

7. Assess population needs, assets, and capacities that affect communities’ health;

 8. Apply awareness of cultural values and practices to the design, implementation, or critique of public health policies or programs;

9. Design a population-based policy, program, project, or intervention;

 10. Explain basic principles and tools of budget and resource management 11. Select methods to evaluate public health programs;

Policy in Public Health: 

12. Discuss the policy-making process, including the roles of ethics and evidence;

 13. Propose strategies to identify relevant communities and individuals and build coalitions and partnerships for influencing public health outcomes;

 14. Advocate for political, social, or economic policies and programs that will improve health in diverse populations;

15. Evaluate policies for their impact on public health and health equity;

Leadership: 

16. Apply leadership and/or management principles to address a relevant issue;

17. Apply negotiation and mediation skills to address organizational or community challenges;

Communication: 

18. Select communication strategies for different audiences and sectors;

19. Communicate audience-appropriate public health content, both in writing and through oral presentation to a non-academic, non-peer audience with attention to factors such as literacy and health literacy;

20. Describe the importance of cultural humility in communicating public health content;

Interprofessional and/or Intersectoral Practice:

21. Integrate perspectives from other sectors and/or professions to promote and advance population health.

1. Develop substantive knowledge in gross anatomy, histology, embryology, clinical anatomy, and radiology; 

2. Master the analytical and methodological skills required to evaluate and conduct research; 

3. Design and conduct original research;

4. Demonstrate the ability to communicate the results of their research in a clear and effective manner; 

5. Demonstrate an ability to work effectively with other people from various ethnic, educational, and work experience backgrounds;

6. Demonstrate an understanding and concern for the high ethical standards in research, teaching, and clinical practice;

7. Proficient in conducting research, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation of results;

8. Meaningful discussion of his/her findings in relation to other published research;

9. Preparation of manuscripts ready for submission to indexed peer-reviewed scientific journals.

1. Foster a spirit of inquiry that will ultimately lead to continued academic learning and scholarly activity;

2. Train students in all aspects of anatomy, histology, and embryological processes as well as research methodology.

1. Develop substantive knowledge in gross anatomy, histology, embryology, clinical anatomy, and radiology; 

2. Master the analytical and methodological skills required to evaluate and conduct research; 

3. Design and conduct original research;

4. Demonstrate the ability to communicate the results of their research in a clear and effective manner; 

5. Demonstrate an ability to work effectively with other people from various ethnic, educational, and work experience backgrounds;

6. Demonstrate an understanding and concern for the high ethical standards in research, teaching, and clinical practice.

Research Methods: 

Principles of scientific investigation, research study designs, sampling techniques, conducting surveys, clinical trials, and design of experiments;

Biostatistics: 

1. Descriptive Statistics: numerical descriptions of data, graphical presentations of data, data distributions, laws of probability, the central limit theorem, and confidence intervals; 

2. Inferential Statistics: tests of hypothesis, types of decision errors, tests of proportions, relative risk and odds ratios, statistical and practical significance, tests of means, t-tests, ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlation, simple and multiple regression, logistic regression, Chi-Square tests of nominal and ordinal data, correspondence analysis, survival analysis, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and nonparametric methods;

Authorship:   

Research and writing, scientific writing, choosing a journal, bibliometric indicators, predatory journals, literature review and reference management, authorship and authorship issues, the writing process, manuscript preparation, the peer review process, manuscript revision, and research presentations;

Bioethics: 

1. Principles of ethics, issues in research ethics, human research considerations, animal research considerations, responsible conduct of research, bioethics practice and application;

2. Understand the scientific research process and become proficient in the art of asking scientific questions.

1. Formulate a research hypothesis, select an appropriate study design, collect relevant data, test the hypothesis, and draw a conclusion based on evidence;

2. Design a research protocol and conduct a research study, including determining sample size and choosing appropriate test statistics;

3. Complete training and obtain certification provided by the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI);

4. Prepare applications to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for ethical evaluation, and, if required, to a Research Oversight Committee (ROC);

5. Think scientifically, objectively, and critically in the biomedical arena;

6. Form a logical argument and present scientific evidence in written and oral formats;

7. Read, evaluate, and apply the biomedical literature;

8. Contribute to the biomedical literature by publishing in international peer-reviewed journals and by making presentations at international conferences;

9. Serve as a peer-reviewer for journals and conferences;

10. Practice evidence-based medicine, and teach and inform patients about the best practices in health based on scientific evidence;

11. Guide other clinicians in conducting research and in applying research for decision-making in clinical settings.

1. Know the bioethical principles stated in: Principles of human experimentation (the “Nuremberg Code”); ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research (“The Belmont Report”) of National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research; ethical principles for medical research (“Declaration of Helsinki”) of World Medical Association; Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (45 CFR, “Common Rule”) for all US Federal Agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control (CDC); guiding principles for ethical research of National Institutes of Health (NIH); guidelines on ethics of clinical trials of Council for International Organizations and Medical Sciences (CIOMS); 

2. Understand the approaches of ethical analysis: casuistry, communitarianism, principlism, deontology, utilitarianism, social contract ethics, and virtue ethics;

3. Recognize special considerations in bioethics when conducting research in developing countries or conducting research on vulnerable populations.

1. Construct bioethical arguments using a legal, moral, ethical framework;

2. Conduct systematic reviews of bioethical and biomedical literature;

3. Perform normative studies to formulate and defend bioethical positions;

4. Apply bioethical principles to case studies on human and animal research;

5. Critique the ethical aspects of study designs in proposed research;

6. Conduct clinical trials applying the principles for the Responsible Conduct of Research;

7. Contribute to the bioethical literature to guide resolution of ethical dilemmas in human and animal health around the world;

8. Serve on an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC);

9. Prepare and evaluate funding grants applications with full consideration for the bioethical issues involved.

Research Methods: 

Principles of scientific investigation, research study designs, sampling techniques, conducting surveys, clinical trials, and design of experiments;

Biostatistics: 

1. Descriptive Statistics: numerical descriptions of data, graphical presentations of data, data distributions, laws of probability, the central limit theorem, and confidence intervals; 

2. Inferential Statistics: tests of hypothesis, types of decision errors, tests of proportions, relative risk and odds ratios, statistical and practical significance, tests of means, t-tests, ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlation, simple and multiple regression, logistic regression, Chi-Square tests of nominal and ordinal data, correspondence analysis, survival analysis, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and nonparametric methods;

Authorship:   

Research and writing, scientific writing, choosing a journal, bibliometric indicators, predatory journals, literature review and reference management, authorship and authorship issues, the writing process, manuscript preparation, the peer review process, manuscript revision, and research presentations;

Bioethics: 

1. Principles of ethics, issues in research ethics, human research considerations, animal research considerations, responsible conduct of research, bioethics practice and application;

2. Understand the scientific research process and become proficient in the art of asking scientific questions.

1. Formulate a research question, select an appropriate study design, collect and analyze relevant data, and draw a conclusion;

2. Design and conduct biomedical research studies, including determining sample size and choosing appropriate test statistics;

3. Complete training and obtain certification provided by the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI);

4. Think scientifically, objectively and critically in the biomedical arena;

5. Form a logical argument and present scientific evidence in written and oral formats;

6. Read, evaluate and apply the biomedical literature;

7. Contribute to the biomedical literature by publishing in scholarly journals and by making professional presentations;

8. Serve as a peer-reviewer for journals and conferences;

9.   Practice evidence-based medicine, and teach and inform patients about the best practices in health based on scientific evidence;

10. Guide other clinicians in conducting research and in applying research for decision-making in clinical settings.

1. Develop, implement, and assess educational experiences that are informed by current and foundational theories of learning, reflect innovations in technology, and are designed to meet the needs of diverse learners;

2. Recognize and apply leadership theories relevant to leading strategic decision-making and educational reform to support collaborative and inclusive learning communities that are supportive of diverse identities, perspectives, and approaches;

3. Examine the social, historical, cultural, and psychological factors that shape the ways in which students learn, teachers teach, educational systems are designed, and change occurs;

4. Apply an inquiry stance toward their practice (by asking critical questions, critiquing assumptions, examining data, and reflecting on implemented changes) to create more equitable and engaging spaces for teaching and learning.

1. Utilizing established theoretical framework to pursue inquiry;

2. Utilizing evidence-based methodologies to produce knowledge;

3. Engaging with others with the highest degree of efficacy;

4. Designing curriculum that is adaptable for delivery in virtual and in-person learning environments;

5. Applying technology to enhance learning outcomes;

6. Applying strategic decision-making skills that lead to educational reform for diverse populations;

7. Leading within established and intentional reflective and mindfulness practices;

8. Delivering high caliber academic critique and adding to growing bodies of literature;

9. Designing, developing, and delivering rigorous research with immediate impact on their field;

10. Demonstrating an understanding of the complexities of historical, social, and cultural factors that impact learning outcomes with a diverse population;

11. Demonstrating an unwavering commitment to practices that align with social and cultural competencies;

12. Building awareness of current and ongoing global issues in education;

13. Applying evidence-based teaching and learning practices to facilitate, lead and manage learning environments;

14. Demonstrating a robust awareness of the evolving educational methodologies and models for ongoing professional. 

1. Understand and apply the principles of research ethics;

2. Create scientific text, and deliver scientific presentations;

3. Conduct the original research, analyze the acquired data, write and defend the thesis;

4. Create and revise a project proposal for a master’s thesis;

5. Demonstrate proficiency in research design, biostatistics, master authorship, and manuscript preparation;

6. Conduct literature search and summarize the results in the form of a review article as part of the coursework.

1. Understand and apply the principles of research ethics;

2. Demonstrate proficiency in research design and biostatistics;

3. Master authorship and manuscript preparation, create scientific text and deliver scientific presentations, conduct literature search, and summarize the results in the form of a review article as part of the coursework;

4. Create and revise a project proposal for a master’s thesis;

5. Conduct the original research;

6. Analyze the acquired data and write and defend the thesis.

1. Master the analytical and methodological skills required to evaluate and conduct research;

2. Design and conduct original research;

3. Demonstrate the ability to communicate the results of their research in a clear and effective manner;

4. Create scientific text, and deliver scientific presentations;

5. Create and revise a project proposal for a master’s thesis;

6. Conduct literature search and summarize the results in the form of a review article as part of the course work;

7. Demonstrate an ability to work effectively with other people from various ethnic, educational, and work experience backgrounds;

8. Demonstrate an understanding and concern for the high ethical standards in research, teaching and protecting sensitive data.

1. Critically evaluate current literature to identify gaps in microbiological knowledge;

2. Relate microbiological research to global health, environmental, agricultural, and industrial challenges;

3. Translate findings into applications that address scientific, medical, or societal needs.

1. Apply appropriate experimental, computational, and analytical methodologies with rigor and reproducibility;

2. Demonstrate adherence to ethical principles in research, including biosafety, bioethics, and responsible conduct of research;

3. Apply international standards for data management, authorship, and research integrity;

4. Contribute to the scientific community by mentoring junior researchers and fostering collaborative projects;

5. Demonstrate leadership in laboratory management, project planning, and interdisciplinary teamwork.

1. Demonstrate advanced knowledge of microbiology, including microbial physiology, genetics, immunology, and pathogenicity;

2. Critically evaluate scientific literature and synthesize information to support evidence-based conclusions.

1. Communicate scientific findings clearly in written reports, oral presentations, and peer-reviewed publications;

2. Demonstrate competence in data analysis, biostatistics, and use of relevant computational tools;

3. Exhibit responsible conduct of research and compliance with biosafety, bioethics, and laboratory regulations;

4. Collaborate effectively within multidisciplinary teams and contribute to group projects;

5. Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills for addressing contemporary challenges in microbiology;

6. Pursue continued professional development and lifelong learning in microbiology and related disciplines.

1. Experience hospital and community health care medicine in the Tropics;

2. Uniquely experience disappearing cultures and One Health;

3. Gain a practical insight into Global Health;

4. Gain exposure to AMREF (flying doctor’s), Africa’s largest Health NGO;

5. Experience a unique part of Africa through a One Health lens, examining the human, domestic animal, wildlife, and environment interface, and their conflicts and opportunities.

1. Examine Costa Rica’s universal healthcare system and the challenges of equitable access across public and private sectors;

2. Explore the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health through a One Health approach;

3. Engage with public health initiatives addressing migration, gender-based violence, and Indigenous and Afro-descendant health disparities;

4. Learn how Costa Rica leverages its unique geographic, political, and cultural context to promote traditional medicine, community-based care, and sustainable health practices.

5. Participate in site visits, expert-led workshops, and cross-cultural experiences that emphasize collaboration, reflection, and systems thinking.

 1. Utilize foundational knowledge in developmental psychology, cognitive-behavioral psychology, social, and community psychology to construct interventions;

2. Apply psychological interventions to change individual and collective human behavior in families, organizations, and communities;

3. Evaluate and apply findings from the psychological and related research literature;

4. Participate in professional networks that utilize vocabularies of psychopathological classifications and treatment regimes;

5. Provide psychometric assessments to inform intervention planning;

6. Develop systems of etiology and risk factor exposure that are multi-ecological;

7. Address targeted problems or risks in specific areas of mental health and psychosocial behavior;

8. Demonstrate a functional understanding of the historical, cultural, legal, and ethical context of the Caribbean sufficient to facilitate culturally-appropriate practices;

9. Conduct professional activities according to the applicable ethical codes of psychological practice.

1. Students should be able to analyze complex business problems related to finance and make sound decisions;

2. Students should be able to apply advanced oral and written communication skills necessary for success in diverse financial environments;

3. Students should be able to demonstrate ethical reasoning skills in financial decision-making;

4. Students should be able to demonstrate their knowledge of international finance and global financial markets and their impact on business;

5. Students should be able to perform a financial analysis of a company;

6. Students should be able to assess how a company's financial analysis and external economic environment affect the company's performance.

1. Students should be able to analyze complex health care delivery problems and formulate amicable solutions;

2. Students should be able to apply advanced oral and written communication skills necessary for success in a health care environment;

3. Students should be able to demonstrate ethical reasoning, social responsibility, and critical thinking skills in a healthcare environment;

4. Students will be able to synthesize knowledge, skills and tools in an international health care delivery context;

5. Students will be able to adapt computer software, web, and social media skills to operate in a health care environment;

6. Students should be able to assess and report on health care delivery performance metrics;

Strategic and Analytical Thinking:

Graduates will integrate knowledge across business disciplines and apply strategic, analytical, and quantitative methods to solve complex business problems in global contexts.

Ethical and Legal Decision-Making:

Graduates will evaluate ethical dilemmas and legal considerations to make responsible and sustainable business decisions.

Financial and Accounting Competence:

Graduates will apply financial and accounting principles to manage resources, assess investment opportunities, and support strategic decision-making.

Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness:

Graduates will demonstrate leadership, teamwork, and organizational behavior skills to manage people and processes effectively in diverse environments.

Global and Cross-Cultural Business Acumen:

Graduates will analyze global markets, cultural dynamics, and international business environments to make informed and culturally sensitive decisions.

Marketing and Entrepreneurial Innovation:

Graduates will develop innovative marketing strategies and entrepreneurial solutions to address the needs of global and emerging markets.

1. Graduates will integrate healthcare and business knowledge to analyze complex problems and apply strategic, analytical, technological, and quantitative methods to healthcare decision-making and organizational improvement;

2. Graduates will evaluate ethical dilemmas, healthcare policies, and legal frameworks to make responsible and sustainable managerial decisions;

3. Graduates will apply financial, budgeting, and accounting principles to manage healthcare resources, assess investments, and support strategic decisions;

4. Graduates will demonstrate leadership, teamwork, communication, and organizational behavior skills to manage healthcare professionals and processes effectively in diverse environments;

5. Graduates will analyze global healthcare systems, public health challenges, and cultural dynamics to make informed and sensitive managerial decisions;

6. Graduates will develop innovative strategies and entrepreneurial solutions to improve healthcare delivery, patient care, and organizational effectiveness.

1. Design and implement curricula grounded in learning theories and evidence-based models;

2. Apply advanced assessment and evaluation strategies to measure learner performance and program effectiveness;

3. Integrate simulation and technology to enhance clinical teaching and patient safety;

4. Conduct systematic reviews and scholarly research using existing literature and secondary data;

5. Publish and present educational research in academic forums;

6. Demonstrate leadership in medical education and contribute to institutional and global.

1. Demonstrate how to translate complex scientific content into clear, instructional visuals in a variety media;

2. Develop skills critical to a medical illustrator's success, including enhanced visual problem-solving and communication skills, understanding how to self-critique to continually evaluate projects, work with a team, and effectively collaborate with content experts;

3. Utilize industry-standard software to create a variety of visual communication materials, including 2D schematic figures, animations, and illustrations for publication, and digital 3D models, and understand which to select for various project challenges that meet the established goals;

4. Develop strong professional practices and an identity as a medical illustrator, including a portfolio and other public-facing materials, and ethical research and business practices;

5. Apply streamlined project planning, file organization, and general workflow optimization skills, and create visuals in the most efficient manner;

6. Engage in research applicable to the field and that supports the student's interests to create an original body of work for publication or to serve other educational benefits.

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Specialized training in specific subject areas of veterinary science 

2. Enable conceptualization, formulation, and conduct of independent research in specific disciplines

3. Provide skills for specialized academic, educator, and researcher 

1. Improve animal sector, resource planning, and policy development

2. Develop further the management of sustainable animal enterprises and resources

3. Add value to animal products based on community needs and motivation

4. Create environmentally-friendly, sustainable animal products and processing methods

5. Demand-driven research demand in the animal industry

1. Critically evaluate and analyze relevant scientific literature

2. Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the research techniques applied in the chosen area of research 

3. Independently design and conduct original research studies 

4. Show   self-determination and originality in problem solving

5. Demonstrating good oral presentation and scientific writing skills

1. Perform evidence-based small animal clinical reasoning and decision making in a chosen specialty 

2. Critically evaluate and analyze relevant scientific literature in the chosen field 

3. Understand, design, and conduct research in the chosen specialty field

4. Demonstrate core competencies as defined by the discipline for internship/residency training

5. Ability to teach DVM students in a chosen specialty field