Large Animal Surgery II

Dr Heidi Janicke, VetMed, PhD, MRCVS, Dipl. ECVS, SFHEA

• Associate Professor in Large Animal Surgery
• Office: Cassia Building (SGU campus map: # 17)
• Tel: 444 - 4175 ext 3306
• Email: hjanicke@sgu.edu
• Office Hours: by appointment 

Ray & Jan Sis Lecture Theater I

MyCourses: 2021-08-LAMS545-V-0-Large Animal Surgery II

All Panopto recordings, additional Resources, Tests & Quizzes, Assignments, etc. will be available through the Lessons tab on the LAMS 545 MyCourses site. 

Unfortunately, there is no one single text that encompasses all of the material covered in this course. The published long notes, lecture handouts and additional reading provided on MyCourses as well as information delivered in lectures and in your previous courses (see above) will provide basic information.

Reference texts that provide additional information, images and discussion include:

• Auer & Stick: Equine Surgery
• Adams’ Lameness in Horses
• Dyson & Ross: Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse Online dictionaries of equine terms that you might find helpful are:
• https://www.thehorse.com/tools/glossary
• https://aaep.org/sites/default/files/Documents/EDCCGlossaryofTerm s.pdf

A large amount of information is available at this site: http://www.vin.com. You need to register, but there is no cost to veterinary students.

1. Students who need accommodations should contact Student Accessibility and Accommodations Services (SAAS), located in the Welcome Center, inside the International Students Office.
2. Information can be found at https://mycampus.sgu.edu/group/saas

TurningPoint app on device, internet access

This is part 2 of the 2 part Large Animal Surgery course series. It aims to introduce students to surgical conditions, including trauma, encountered in the equine species in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and management. Emphasis will be placed on the clinical approach to evaluate, diagnose and treat the patient, as well as up-to-date therapeutic opportunities and prognosis where available. Clinical reasoning with be honed using case-based scenarios, which in addition will encourage better in-depth learning of the material. Mastery of material presented in this course will prepare the student for 4th year clinical rotations, the NAVLE board exam, and veterinary practice after graduation.

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize challenges specific to equine surgery.
2. Identify the aetiology and pathogenesis of surgical conditions of the respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal organ systems in the equine species.
3. Recognize the clinical signs of surgical conditions of the respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal organ systems in the equine species.
4. Determine appropriate techniques for diagnosis of surgical conditions of the respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal organ systems in the equine species.
5. Determine treatment and management plans for surgical conditions of the respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal organ systems in the equine species.
6. Provide a prognosis for individual cases of surgical conditions of the respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal organ systems in the equine species.

Equine gastrointestinal system conditions

1. Review the dental anatomy of the horse and routine dentistry in the horse
2. Identify surgical conditions of teeth in the horse 
3. Determine the appropriate treatment surgical conditions of teeth in the horses and recognise their advantages and limitations
4. Review the clinical anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract in the horse
5. Discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis, prognosis and survival rate of different GI conditions
6. Identify the clinical signs of colic and determine appropriate examination and diagnostic techniques and treatment options
7. Discuss complications of colic surgery
8. Recognise pathological conditions of oral and gastrointestinal tract of horse and determine whether they are medical or surgical
9. Describe how to diagnose and treat simple reconstructive surgeries of the oral cavity and oesophageal obstruction and recognise possible complications
10. Provide information as to the treatment, prognosis and survival rate of the different GI conditions

Equine musculoskeletal system conditions

1. Explain how to take a comprehensive lameness history
2. Discuss how to perform a detailed lameness examination in the horse
3. Select and interpret appropriate diagnostic techniques to identify causes of lameness in the horse
4. Classify fractures
5. Describe the principles of fracture repair
6. Recognise causes of failure of repair
7. Identify musculoskeletal emergencies of the horse in field situations
8. Determine the appropriate first aid for these conditions
9. Review the physiology and pathology of endochondral ossification leading to developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse
10. Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis
11. Identify the clinical signs of osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis and determine appropriate diagnostic techniques to confirm the conditions
12. Determine the appropriate treatment and prevention plan and provide a prognosis for individual cases of osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis
13. Review function, structure and biomechanics of tendons and ligaments
14. Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of injury and repair in tendons and ligaments
15. Identify the clinical signs of tendon and ligament injury and determine appropriate techniques for diagnosis
16. Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of angular and flexural limb deformities in the horse
17. Identify the clinical signs of angular and flexural limb deformities in the horse (and cria) and determine appropriate techniques for diagnosis
18. Determine the appropriate diagnostic plan, treatment and management for tendon and ligament injury and angular and flexural limb deformities and provide a prognosis for individual cases
19. Describe the aetiology and pathogenesis of pathological conditions of the foot and limb in the horse 
20. Identify the clinical signs of pathological conditions of the foot and limb in the horse and determine appropriate techniques for diagnosis
21. Determine and implement the appropriate treatment and management plan for pathological conditions of the foot and limb in the horse and provide a prognosis for individual cases

Equine respiratory tract surgery

1. Review the clinical anatomy and physical examination technique of the respiratory tract in the horse
2. Identify surgical conditions of the respiratory tract in the horse
3. Determine the appropriate surgical treatment for surgical conditions of the respiratory tract in the horse and recognise their advantages and limitations

a. Grading scale

b. Assessment policy

There will be a Midterm with 29 and a cumulative Final with 58 questions (87 points) each given in ExamSoft with ExamMonitor and ExamID. Please ensure you read the instructions in XIX. ExamSoft policy to ensure you are set up for the exam ahead of time.

The exam material will come from in class discussions and materials available on MyCourses/Lessons. Questions will be multiple-choice with one single best answer or short answer questions.

Three additional points can be achieved by completing the 6 quizzes (0.5 points per quiz) within 1 week of the last lecture on the topic and achieving a pass grade (>69.5%). Reminder deadlines are in the calendar and checklist for each week.

A grade reduction of 5% will be applied to that exam if students do not observe the parameters listed in the Assessment Policy for Students.

All other exam policies are followed according to the SGU Examination policy (https://mycampus.sgu.edu/unifyedmydrive/open/file/download/SGUPROD/61b79d984ef3090018b27134/latest) and the Student Handbook.

In addition, there will be formative quizzes (bonus points) and clinical reasoning cases for self-assessment of understanding of the material and concepts. Feedback will be available immediately upon submission. 

A sessions will be case based discussions.  You will have access to an abridged version of the lecture notes in advance. It is strongly advised to work through the appropriate material BEFORE the sessions using the lecture and long notes to be able to participate in the discussions and clarify any questions at the time of the session. This will reduce the amount of time you will need to revise the material at a later date.

It may be useful to bring your reading materials available to add information during the discussions. In addition, please have the TurningPoint app downloaded on your device to be able to actively participate in the sessions.

The further reading/recommended resources (see IV/V) literature will be helpful in consolidating the subject matter, as will the resources in the ‘Additional resources’ link in Lessons.

Regular review of the course material is encouraged. This reduces panic the night prior to an examination, poor performance on the exams, and poor retention of information.

If a student feels they are falling behind or their grades are inadequate, they should arrange a meeting with the Course Director, their academic advisor as well as someone from the DES office.

For the grading of examinations the long notes, lecture handouts and the statements made during lecture will be considered correct. 

A correction of the notes and information provided in lecture is encouraged. However, information found which contradicts these sources must be brought to the attention of the instructor prior to an examination. The source will be evaluated and if indicated, corrections made (to the entire class). Do not expect to receive credit for information that contradicts these sources, unless this procedure is followed. 

In addition to information provided in the long notes, handouts and in lecture, students are expected to have command of the information provided in previous courses and from recommended reading resources.

The student is expected to attend the case study sessions prepared by having read and worked through the required material before class. 

You will benefit the most from these sessions by actively participating. The virtual classroom is a safe environment and questions are not only welcome, but encouraged. If you are unsure of something you can guarantee you will not be the only one, so please use the chat to present your questions.

The classroom is designated a safe environment. Please respect the fact that not all students have the same experience and may ask questions that seem obvious to you. Do not make fun of students either in or after class.

Participation in the discussions will benefit your learning experience, please make use of this opportunity.

Students are expected to be available during the standard 8:30am – 5:30pm AST school day, to attend, engage with in-person and online content, and participate in all classes and clinical rotations for which they have registered. Employment is not an excusable absence. Although attendance, engagement, and participation may not be recorded at every academic activity, attendance, engagement, and participation is graded for mandatory sessions. Students’ lack of attendance, engagement, and participation may adversely affect their academic status as specified in the grading policy. 

If failure to attend, engage, or participate in individual classes, examinations, and online activities, or from the University itself is anticipated, or occurs spontaneously due to illness or other extenuating circumstances, proper notification procedures must be followed. 

Students who fail to attend an examination or submit an assignment by the deadline without a valid reason (see student manual: SGUSVM POLICY ON AN EXCUSED ABSENCE (EA) FOR STUDENTS) will receive a score of “0” points for the examination.

Students who have technical issues during the examination MUST inform the Course Director (hjanicke@sgu.edu) and IT (tellexaminationservices@sgu.edu OR support@sgu.edu OR call 1-631-6658500 ext. 4444 (US, NU, International) OR 1-473-439-2000 ext. 4444 (Grenada), AND Dean of Students (DOS@sgu.edu OR call 866-429-8889) during the open period for the examination. Failure to do so immediately will result in the student receiving the highest score recorded at the time, but NOT being eligible to take a completion examination.

Scheduling of examinations (regular, re-sit, completion, comprehensive, or exemption) is at the discretion of the School.

All students are responsible for knowing and complying with the University’s Code of Conduct and the guidelines. Students must read and then sign the Honor Code statement at the start of examinations to indicate that they will comply with the University Code of Conduct. 

Prior to Exam Day

1. Each student is required to have a laptop for the purpose of taking computer-based examinations (e-Exams) at SGU. Students must ensure that their laptops meet the current minimum system requirements prior to exam day.
2. Examinees must use their MY SGU Member Center username and password to access the Custom Home Page (www.examsoft.com/sgu) created by ExamSoft for the University.
3. Examinees are responsible for downloading and registering the latest version of Examplify on their laptop prior to exam day. Once Examplify has been successfully downloaded, examinees are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the software by downloading and taking practice exams.
4. Examinees are responsible for setting their laptop up for ExamMonitor prior to the exam (see links below).
5. Examinees will be notified via MyCourses, of all exam related information. Email notifications will also be sent from ExamSoft Support to examinees, notifying them of examinations available for downloading.
6. Examinees experiencing difficulties with their laptop are encouraged to contact the IT department for assistance prior to exam day. Examinees needing a laptop must visit the Office of Institutional Advancement (OIA) to request an exam loaner if located in Grenada or organize an alternative device.
7. Examinees should visit the following information to familiarize themselves with the online proctored exam format and set up their baseline photo.
   1. A Examsoft/ExamID quick guide for students  
   2. The examsoft student perspective video 30mins
   3. The Examsoft/ExamID FAQ  
   4. Examsoft information page
   5. The general  Reminders/Guidelines