Course Director and lecturer:
Dr. Kamashi Kumar, BVSc & AH, MVSc, PhD Associate Professor
E mail ID.: kakumar@sgu.edu Tel. No. 1 473 444 4175 Ext. 3448
Office location: Veterinary Office building
Office hours: confirmed by appointments for in-person/virtual platform students
Staff:
Mrs. Cherry-Ann Lumpriss Executive Secretary,
Email ID.: clumpriss@sgu.edu
David Brown Hall.
The lectures were delivered in a format wherein both in-person students and online students via zoom could attend the lecture at the same scheduled time.
SAKAI site tools such as resources, lessons, Panopto, Zoom and forum would be used for course work.
Lecture materials will be posted under Weekly Lessons of SAKAI site under each week module. Further related research articles and reference scientific information will be added for certain lecture topics. All recorded lectures will be available via Panopto link in the weekly modules of SAKAI.
For online students, laptop with funtional microphone and camera are required.
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (10th Edition, 2017), by Jim E. Riviere and Mark G. Papich (Editor), Publisher: Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. ISBN: 0- 8138-2061-8.
- Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, (8th edition. 2016), by H. P. Rang, M. M. Dale, J. M. Ritter, R. J. Flower, G. Henderson (Editor), Publisher: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone. The eBook could be accessed using the following links:
https://auth.elsevier.com/ShibAuth/institutionLogin?entityID=http://stsr4l.who.int/ adfs/services/trust&appReturnURL=https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780702 028588/small-animal-clinical-pharmacology
(for off campus access, login using- Username: GRA002 Password: 77083)
https://tinyurl.com/46bv3xy7 - Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia, (5th Edition, 2015) by William J. Tranquilli, John C. Thurman & G. Kurt A. Grimm (Editors), Wiley, ISBN: 0-7817-54712.
- Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology, (2nd edition, 2008), by Jill E. Maddison, Stephen Page & David Church (Editors), Saunders Ltd., ISBN: 978-0-7020-2858-8
- Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology, 2008, by Walter Hsu (Editor), Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN: 978-0-8138-2837-4.
- Students who need accommodations should contact Student Accessibility and Accommodations Services (SAAS), located in the Welcome Center, inside the International Students Office.
- Information can be found at mycampus.sgu.edu/group/saas
Computer system with internet facility is required for online course work.
Pharmacology is a science of study of drugs in biological system. This course describes the basic principles of pharmacology and the importance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of drugs and lays the foundation for the clinical application of veterinary medicinal products. The significance of correlating pharmacology with physiology provides a firm understanding of the subject concepts. This course aims to develop student’s knowledge about the rational use of therapeutic drugs considering species variations and the drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features. Special emphasis will be given to the clinical use of drugs in various species of animals, analyzing species specific sensitivities and adverse/side-effects. This course will be a foundation for further application into anaesthesiology, clinical medicine and surgical medicine of large and small animals.
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to…
- Analyze and explain in a general sense how and where drugs work (pharmacodynamics).
- Articulate and apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics and judge how altered physiologic and pathologic state affects drug concentrations within the body.
- Design the most appropriate pharmacological protocol (therapies) for common and important diseases, including preventative measures and anesthesia.
- Outline the desired response to pharmacological therapies and reflect on methods to monitor for undesired pharmacological responses (including lack of efficacy).
- Predict and recognize major drug-drug interactions and compare common/predictable or catastrophic species-specific adverse drug reactions.
- Obtain, maintain inventory, prescribe, administer, and dispose veterinary medicinal products based on sound regulatory and ethical guidelines.
- Integrate all principles of evidence-based medicine to informed decision making and self-improvement in all aspects of veterinary pharmacology (principles of Good Veterinary Practice).
Lecture topic |
Lecture Level Outcomes (Student Learning Outcomes) |
Introduction to Pharmacology |
|
Pharmacokinetics - Routes of administration |
|
Pharmacokinetics - Absorption |
|
Pharmacokinetics - Distribution |
|
Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism |
|
Pharmacokinetics - Excretion |
|
Quantitative pharmacokinetics |
|
Pharmacodynamics |
|
Introduction to Autonomic nervous system |
|
Adrenergic drugs |
of adrenergic drugs to the appropriate selection of drugs for therapeutic concern. |
|
|
Cholinergic drugs |
|
Pharmacophysiology of CNS |
|
Sedatives and tranquilizers |
|
Muscle Relaxants |
|
|
|
Control of pain |
|
Injectable anaesthetics |
|
Inhalant anaesthetics |
|
Local anaesthetics |
|
Anticonvulsants |
|
Histamine, serotonin and their antagonists |
|
Hemostatic agents and anticoagulants |
|
Anabolic steroids |
|
NSAIDs & Corticosteroids |
|
Drugs modifying animal behaviour |
|
Prescription writing |
|
Course Learning Outcome |
SGUSVM Program Learning Outcome |
CLO1 Analyze and explain in a general sense how and where drugs work (pharmacodynamics). |
A1, A5, C2, C9 |
CLO2 Articulate and apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics and judge how altered physiologic and pathologic state affects drug concentrations within the body. |
A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, C2, C5, C9 |
CLO3 Design the most appropriate pharmacological protocol (therapies) for common and important diseases, including preventative measures and anesthesia. |
A5, A6, A11, C2, C3, C4, C6 |
CLO4 Outline the desired response to pharmacological therapies and reflect on methods to monitor for undesired pharmacological responses (including lack of efficacy). |
A5, A6, A7, C2, C7 |
CLO5 Predict and recognize major drug-drug interactions and compare common/predictable or catastrophic species- specific adverse drug reactions. |
A1, A5, A6, C1, C2, C7 |
CLO6 Obtain, maintain inventory, prescribe, administer, and dispose veterinary medicinal products based on sound regulatory and ethical guidelines. |
A5, B7 |
CLO7 Integrate all principles of evidence-based medicine to informed decision making and self-improvement in all aspects of veterinary pharmacology (principles of Good Veterinary Practice). |
A5, A11, B7, C7, C9 |
- Core Medical Knowledge
A1 Recall, understand, and adequately utilize multidisciplinary knowledge of basic structures and functions of healthy animals.
A2 Analyze homeostasis and disturbances of basic structures and functions of healthy animals.
A3 Recall, understand, and adequately utilize knowledge of etiology, pathogenesis and pathology of common infectious, non-infectious, and zoonotic diseases, including biosafety and biosecurity considerations.
A4 Explain the relationship between disease processes and clinical signs.
A5 Recall, understand, and adequately utilize knowledge of and apply principles of therapeutic agents and their application, including relevant legislation and guidelines on the use of medicines.
A6 Apply multidisciplinary scientific knowledge to clinical situations and understand evidence-based veterinary medicine.
A7 Evaluate and analyze normal versus abnormal animal behavior.
A11 Understand and apply basic principles of research and recognize the contribution of research to all aspects of veterinary medicine.
- Core Professional Attributes
B7 Understand and evaluate the organization, management and legislation related to veterinary practice, including biosafety and biosecurity.
- Core Clinical Competencies (Skills)
C1 Execute a comprehensive patient diagnostic plan (differential diagnosis list) and demonstrate problem solving skills to arrive at a diagnosis.
C2 Create comprehensive treatment plans including prognosis.
C3 Analyze, design and execute appropriate plans for anesthesia and pain management considering patient welfare. C4 Analyze, design and execute appropriate plans for basic surgery and surgical case management.
C5 Analyze, design and execute appropriate plans for medical case management.
C6 Analyze, design and execute appropriate plans for emergency and critical care case management.
C7 Design and execute plans for health promotion, disease prevention, food safety, biosafety and biosecurity. C9 Recognize and model an appreciation of the role of research in furthering the practice of veterinary medicine.
Week |
Lecture |
Time |
Day |
Date |
Topic |
1 |
1 |
11.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
20-Jan |
Introduction to Pharmacology |
|
2 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
21-Jan |
Pharmacokinetics - Routes of administration |
2 |
3 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
26-Jan |
PK - Absorption |
|
4 |
11.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
27-Jan |
PK - Distribution |
3 |
5 |
10.30 a.m. |
Monday |
31-Jan |
PK - Metabolism |
|
6 |
10.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
1-Feb |
PK - Excretion/Elimination |
|
7 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
2-Feb |
Quantitative kinetics |
|
8 |
9.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
3-Feb |
Pharmacodynamics |
|
9 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
4-Feb |
Pharmacodynamics |
4 |
10 |
8.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
10-Feb |
Pharmacodynamics |
|
11 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
11-Feb |
Autonomic nervous system |
5 |
12 |
11.30 a.m. |
Monday |
14-Feb |
Quiz I |
|
13 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
15-Feb |
Adrenergic nervous system |
|
14 |
9.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
16-Feb |
Adrenergic nervous system |
|
15 |
9.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
17-Feb |
Adrenergic nervous system |
|
16 |
10.30 a.m. |
Friday |
18-Feb |
Adrenergic nervous system |
6 |
17 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
22-Feb |
Cholinergic nervous system |
|
18 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
23-Feb |
Cholinergic nervous system |
|
19 |
9.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
23-Feb |
Cholinergic nervous system |
|
20 |
10.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
24-Feb |
Pharmacophysiology of CNS: intro anaesthesia and analgesia |
|
21 |
11.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
24-Feb |
Muscle Relaxants |
7 |
22 |
8.30 a.m. |
Monday |
28-Feb |
Sedatives and Tranquilizers |
|
23 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
1-Mar |
Sedatives and Tranquilizers |
|
24 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
2-Mar |
Review |
8 |
|
12.00 p.m. |
Friday |
11-Mar |
Mid-Term Exam |
9 |
25 |
9.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
17-Mar |
Control of pain |
|
26 |
10.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
17-Mar |
Control of pain |
|
27 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
18-Mar |
Injectable anaesthetics |
10 |
28 |
10.30 a.m. |
Monday |
21-Mar |
Injectable anaesthetics |
|
29 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
23-Mar |
Inhalant anaesthetics |
|
30 |
8.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
24-Mar |
Local anaesthetics |
|
31 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
25-Mar |
Local anaesthetics |
11 |
32 |
10.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
29-Mar |
Anticonvulsants |
|
33 |
9.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
31-Mar |
Anticonvulsants |
12 |
34 |
8.30 a.m. |
Monday |
4-Apr |
Histamine, serotonin & their antagonists |
|
35 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
5-Apr |
Histamine, serotonin & their antagonists |
|
36 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
6-Apr |
Hemostatics/anticoagulants |
|
37 |
8.30 a.m. |
Friday |
8-Apr |
Hemostatics/anticoagulants |
|
|
|
Exam soft assessment |
4th – 6th Apr. |
|
13 |
38 |
8.30 a.m. |
Monday |
11-Apr |
Anabolic steroids |
|
39 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
12-Apr |
NSAIDs |
14 |
40 |
11.30 a.m. |
Tuesday |
19-Apr |
NSAIDs |
|
41 |
11.30 a.m. |
Thursday |
21-Apr |
Corticosteroids |
|
42 |
8.30 a.m. |
Friday |
22-Apr |
Corticosteroids |
|
43 |
9.30 a.m. |
Friday |
22-Apr |
Drugs modifying animal behaviour |
15 |
44 |
9.30 a.m. |
Monday |
25-Apr |
Prescription writing |
|
45 |
8.30 a.m. |
Wednesday |
27-Apr |
REVIEW |
16 |
|
12.00 p.m. |
Tuesday |
3-May |
Final Exam |
Assessment method:
Assessment of the course will be based on computer-based examinations (ExamSoft). The examination dates and time are listed on the lecture schedule (remain same for in-person and online students).
Assessments |
Scheduled date & time (AST) |
Lecture topics |
Weightage (%) |
Quiz 1 |
14th Feb., 11.30 a.m. |
Basic Pharmacology lectures (1-10) |
12 |
Midterm Exam |
11th Mar., 12.00 p.m. |
Midterm exam (1-24 lectures) |
33 |
Examsoft assessment |
4th Apr- 6th Apr. |
Lectures (25-33) |
8 |
FINAL |
3rd May, 12.00 p.m. |
Cumulative exam |
42 |
Forum participation |
|
|
5 |
|
|
Total |
100% |
Forum participation – 5% of grade (students were graded based on their participation in answering the forum questions).
The exam material will cover the information from lectures and class discussions. The total points scored will be cumulative and a single letter grade will be awarded for the course. If any discussion/ clarification is required for the completed assessment, it should be done within the first seven (7) days after completion of the examination. Comments and challenges should be communicated through the designated SGA student representative within 24 hrs. of completion of quiz/exam.
All the ExamSoft exams were monitored by online proctoring.
A grade reduction of 5% will be applied to that exam if students do not observe the parameters listed in the Assessment Policy for Students.
Grading scale
Grades |
Scores |
A |
> 89.5 |
B+ |
84.5 - 89.49 |
B |
79.5 - 84.49 |
C+ |
74.5 – 79.49 |
C |
69.5 – 74.49 |
D+ |
64.5 – 69.49 |
D |
59.5 – 64.49 |
F |
Below 59.49% |
- It is highly recommended to study the lecture material on daily basis and clearly understand the concepts of subject.
- Weekly revision of the subject is mandated for a good academic performance in the comprehensive final exam.
- Recommended to maintain a drug list for each drug categories.
- If you need any academic assistance, feel free to contact the Course Director. Office hours can be fixed by appointment through email.
Students are expected to read through the lecture topics regularly and required to actively participate in SAKAI forum discussions.
For students on online platform, zoom office hours could be provided for clarification of subject queries.
It is highly important to maintain the course performance from the beginning of the term.
Students at St. George’s University are expected to maintain the University Code of Conduct.
- Students are expected to exhibit professional behavior in class.
- It is mandated that all students abide by the terms of the University Code of Conduct.
Students are expected to be available during the standard 8.30 a.m. -5.20 p.m. AST school day, to attend, engage with in-person/online content, and participate in all classes and clinical rotations for which they have registered. Employment is not an excusable absence. Although attendance, engagement, and participation may not be recorded at every academic activity, attendance, engagement, and participation is graded for mandatory sessions. Students’ lack of attendance, engagement, and participation may adversely affect their academic status as specified in the grading policy.
If failure to attend, engage, or participate in individual classes, examinations, and online activities, or from the University itself is anticipated, or occurs spontaneously due to illness or other extenuating circumstances, proper notification procedures must be followed.
Forum participation is accounted for 5% of the course grade.
Students who fail to attend an examination (quiz/exams on ExamSoft) or submit an assignment by the deadline without a valid reason (see student manual: SGUSVM POLICY ON AN EXCUSED ABSENCE (EA) FOR STUDENTS) will receive a score of “0” points for the examination.
Students who have technical issues during the examination MUST inform the Course Director, Dr. Kamashi Kumar, (kakumar@sgu.edu) and IT (tellexaminationservices@sgu.edu OR support@sgu.edu OR call 1-631-665-8500 ext. 4444 (US, NU, International) OR 1-473- 439-2000 ext. 4444 (Grenada), AND Dean of Students (DOS@sgu.edu) during the open period for the examination. Failure to do so immediately will result in the student receiving the highest score recorded at the time, but NOT being eligible to take a completion examination.
Scheduling of examinations (regular, re-sit, completion, comprehensive, or exemption) is at the discretion of the University. Completion exams will be scheduled within 7 days of the original exam date. Re-sit examination will be scheduled in the first week of the following term.
All students are responsible for knowing and complying with the University’s Code of Conduct and the guidelines. Students must read and then sign the Honor Code statement at the start of examinations to indicate that they will comply with the University Code of Conduct.
Prior to Exam Day
- Each student is required to have a laptop for the purpose of taking computer-based examinations (e-Exams) at SGU. Students must ensure that their laptops meet the current minimum system requirements prior to exam day:
- Examinees must use their MY SGU Member Center username and password to access the Custom Home Page (www.examsoft.com/sgu) created by ExamSoft for the University.
- Examinees are responsible for downloading and registering the latest version of Examplify on their laptop prior to exam day. Once Examplify has been successfully downloaded, examinees are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the software by downloading and taking practice exams.
- Examinees are responsible for setting their laptop up for ExamMonitor prior to the exam (see links below).
- Examinees will be notified via MyCourses, of all exams related information. Email notifications will also be sent from ExamSoft Support to examinees, notifying them of examinations available for downloading.
- Examinees experiencing difficulties with their laptop are encouraged to visit the IT department for assistance prior to exam day. Examinees needing a laptop must visit the Office of Institutional Advancement (OIA) to request an exam loaner.
- Examinees should visit the following information to familiarize themselves with the online proctored exam format and set up their baseline photo.
- A Examsoft/ExamID quick guide for students (Please note that the current Examplify version is 2.3.8)
- The Examsoft student perspective video 30mins
- The Examsoft/ExamID FAQ
- Examsoft information page
- The general Reminders/Guidelines
The materials (such as slides, handouts and audio/video recordings) provided to students who are taking courses at St. George’s University (SGU) are the intellectual property of the Faculty and/or Administration of SGU. Students are free to use these materials solely for the purpose of group or individual study. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited.